Activation of CD4+ T- and NK-lymphocytes by components of dental materials in cases of their bio-intolerance

Karpuk I.Y., Novikov D.K.

Vitebsk State Medical University

Aim of the study: the effect of the components of dental materials in vitro on the expression of activation molecules of T-lymphocytes and natural killers (NK) of blood in patients with intolerance to dental materials (IDM).
Methods of examination: 22 patients with positive skin application tests (AT) with solutions of metal salts (NiCl2 (3%), CrCl3 (3%), CoCl2 (1%) and complaints of intolerance to dental materials (IDM), and 21 patient without IDM. CD4 +CD25+CD45+ T-lymphocyte and CD16+CD56+CD69+CDE+ NK-lymphocytes were determined after incubation with prosthetic fragments fluid (PFF) and metal salts solution (MSS): Ni-HSA, Cr-HSA, Co-HSA.
Results: activation of CD4 + T-lymphocytes in response to stimulation by PFF and MSS was detected. As an outcome of the study, a number of regularities in the expression of markers for T-lymphocytes and NK-lymphocytes activation were established. The results confirm the potential role of CD4+ CD25+CD45+ T-lymphocytes and CD16+CD56+CD69+ NK-lymphocytes in the development of hypersensitivity to CDM. After a 24-hour blood incubation of patients with objective signs of IDM and positive AT results to metal salts with PFF and MSS, the number of CD4+CD25+CD45+ T-lymphocytes, CD16+CD56+CD69+ NK-lymphocytes increased, whereas in patients of the control group it did not. The peripheral blood T-lymphocytes of patients from this group also responded to HSA stimulation by the increased expression of CD25 molecules.
Conclusion: the method of CDM hypersensitivity diagnosis by measuring increasing CD4+CD25+CD45+ T-lymphocytes and CD16+CD56+CD69+ NK-lymphocytes using PFF and MSS as stimulants can serve as a reliable test for the diagnosis of intolerance to dental materials.