Role of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of infectious and non-infectious diseases (literature review)

Skryabina A.A., Serova A.S., Zuzenkov M.V.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia

Eosinophils differentiate from multipotent bone marrow stem cells and enter the peripheral blood stream after maturation. They have a unique nuclear morphology and contain cytoplasmic granules filled with cytotoxic and immunoregulatory proteins. Research on eosinophils has advanced significantly in recent years, especially in understanding their origin, differentiation, and function in the body. Eosinophils are involved in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity and also play a key role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, malignancies, respiratory infections, and autoimmune conditions.
In this review, we have considered not only the developmental and differentiation processes of eosinophils, but also their involvement in the pathophysiology of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Particular attention is paid to the roles of eosinophils in immune response and inflammation regulation, cytokine interactions, and tissue remodeling. These contributions emphasize the importance of further eosinophils research for the development of new therapeutic strategies.